Tuesday 4 March 2014

Effectiveness of Fluorescent in Situ Hybridization (FISH) over conventional karyotyping as a diagnostic tool for prenatal detection of aneuploidy of chromosome 21

The Journal of Anatomy

For Aims & Scope and Author's Instruction Visit:

Manuscript Submissions at: photonjournal@yahoo.com

Effectiveness of Fluorescent in Situ Hybridization (FISH) over conventional karyotyping as a diagnostic tool for prenatal detection of aneuploidy of chromosome 21






Photon Ignitor: ISJN23854732D648704032014

Abstract
The study was designed to identify the reliability of Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) in prenatal diagnosis of aneuploidy of chromosome 21 and the usefulness of the result in counselling and decision making. A total number of 30 samples were subjected to interphase FISH technique as well as conventional karyotyping. Study was carried out at the Genetic Diagnostic Centre, Tardeo, Mumbai, India during the period of 2008-2009. Samples were collected at various medical centres and analysis was done at the Genetic Diagnostic Centre. Maternal age ranged between 22 and 43. All these patients were referred for prenatal diagnosis with various indications, 73.35% with abnormal triple marker test, 40% with advanced maternal age and 13.3% with abnormal previous and abnormal ultrasonographic report. The results observed with FISH technique was compared with the results of Karyotyping, 86.7% showed normal results, 6.7% showed trisomy 18 and 6.7% trisomy 21. Rapid analysis showed 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity. FISH is useful in prenatal diagnosis of aneuploidies where it can be used on uncultured amniocytes and trophoblast cells for rapid and accurate detection. This features exhibit distinctive advantage over conventional karyotyping. At the same time careful genetic counselling is essential to explain the limitations of FISH especially the failure to detect structural anomalies of chromosomes.
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Molecular toxicity of dextran coated ferrite nanoparticles after dermal exposure to Wistar rats

The Journal of Toxicology and Health

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Molecular toxicity of dextran coated ferrite nanoparticles after dermal exposure to Wistar rats






Photon Ignitor: ISJN22947439D656404032014

Abstract
Dextran coated ferrite nanomaterials (DFNM) of size <25 nm was synthesized, characterized andanalyzed for systemic toxicity at the molecular level by in vitro and in vivo methods. Skin, the external barrier is one of the main portals of nanoparticles entry upon accidental exposure in work place. In the present study, DFNM was dermally applied on the skin of Wistar rats to monitor the translocation of nanomaterials from the route of entry and subsequent systemic toxicity. At the end of 28 days of exposure, blood was collected and subjected to haematological and biochemical analysis. Gross necropsy was conducted and major organs were collected for histopathological observations. Liver samples of both the in vitro and in vivo studies were evaluated for the production of LPO, activity of GR, GPx, SOD, total GSH and level of 8-OHdG formed. The results demonstrated that there were no significant fluctuations in the level of antioxidant systems, lipid peroxidation, haematological, biochemical, or histopathological lesions. Least amount of increase in 8-OHdG was observed in the in vitro samples. Hence, it can be concluded that the synthesized DFNM was non-toxic on dermal exposure and fails to induce any potential damages in the vital organs functions.

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Antimicrobial activity of Piper nigrum & Elettaria cardamomum against UTI causing E. coli

Journal of Antimicrobials

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Manuscript Submissions at: photonjournal@yahoo.com




Photon Ignitor: ISJN22364308D652004032014

Abstract
In the present investigation the effect of ethanol leaf extracts of Piper nigrum and Elettaria cardamomum against Urinary Tract Infection was studied, Hence the phytochemicals in the leaf extract was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. It was noticed that in both the extracts the concentration of flavanoids was present in higher concentration. Further from the UTI infected urine sample the organisms were isolated and confirmed to be E. coli using biochemical assay. The MIC of the leaf extracts against the isolated E. coli strains were identified to be 20000 μg/ml concentrations. In the Antimicrobial study both the leaf extracts at 20000 μg/ml showed highest zone of inhibition. In case of Pepper leaf extract the zone of inhibition was found to be 11 -18 mm and in Cardamom leaf extract the zone of inhibition was found to be 15-20 mm. Thus proving that the leaf extract had good antimicrobial activity.
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Ethno-pharmacological survey and floristical study of some medicinal plants traditionally used to treat infectious and parasitic pathologies in the Democratic Republic of Congo

International Journal of Medicinal Plants

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Ethno-pharmacological survey and floristical study of some medicinal plants traditionally used to treat infectious and parasitic pathologies in the Democratic Republic of Congo





Photon Ignitor: ISJN66724384D645004032014

Abstract
In Africa, about 80% of population relies on Traditional Medicine for it health care purpose. The goal of this work was to identify and characterize ecological status of plants used to treat infectious and parasitic pathologies in DRC. Forty traditional healers from different ethnic groups living in Kinshasa were interviewed about the selected plant species. Fifty plant species were identified as spontaneously growing in DRC out of which phanerophytes predominate (40 species). 78.7% of herbal remedies are prepared by aqueous decoction. 91.2% of recipes are administered to patients by oral route. 58.0 % of used medicinal plants are Guinean species. Stem bark is the most used part and Malaria and Amibiasis are the most treated diseases (56%). Rubiaceae species were the most cited medicinal plants indicating high utility value of these species for the Congolese community. Herbal remedies used against pathogenic organisms in DRC are widely administered as aqueous decoctions. Chemical and pharmacological studies of some of these preparations are in progress. Promoting ex-situ conservation of some of these medicinal plants endemic to Congo basin through in vitro cell culture will permit to conserve these biological resources.


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Monday 3 March 2014

Ethno-pharmacological survey and floristical study of some medicinal plants traditionally used to treat infectious and parasitic pathologies in the Democratic Republic of Congo



Ethno-pharmacological survey and floristical study of some medicinal plants traditionally used to treat infectious and parasitic pathologies in the Democratic Republic of Congo

K.N. Ngboluaa, P.T. Mpianab*, V. Mudogob, N.K. Ngombec, D.S.T. Tshibangub, E. Ekutsua, O.N. Kabenaa, B.Z. Gboloa, C.L. Muanyishaya

a Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Kinshasa, BP 190 Kinshasa XI, RD Congo
b Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Kinshasa, BP 190 Kinshasa XI, RD Congo
c Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Université de Kinshasa, RD Congo

Research Highlights

The present study documents the use of plants in Congolese traditional medicine and their ecological status. Scientists in the ethno-pharmacology field may find information which could stimulate them to undertake further studies.

Limitations

Increasing evidence accumulated over decade in the field of pharmaceutical biology is based on selection of plants for biological screening through ethno-botanical surveys or random selection. Selecting plants based on library search of data compiled from previous literature followed by ethno-botanical surveys combined with ecological study of selected plants is consistent as revealed by the present study. This approach is useful in identifying medically interesting plant, their localization and in developing countries a valuable strategy for their protection in profit of the future generation.

Recommendations

From the results obtained in this study, it is recommended to promote in vitro cell culture of the most cited plants (Rubiaceae family) for biodiversity conservation. It is also recommended to undertake advanced phytochemical and pharmacological studies on plants used both by the great apes (bonobo) and human as medicinal food with the possibility of formulating them as important nutraceuticals to contribute in solving health problems. Such plants could potentially safe because of the phylogenetic relationship between bonobo and human. 

Funding and Policy

The authors are indebted to the American Society for Cell Biology (ASCB) for the grants offered to Dr. Ngbolua K.N. (Ph.D) within the capacity building framework of the African researchers and Academics held in January and July 2012 in Bamako University (MRTC/Mali) and Legon University (Ghana) respectively. This study was supported by the International Foundation for Science (Sweden) and the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (IFS research grant N0 F/4921-2 attributed to Dr. NGBOLUA K.N.).

Justification of Research

A large monitoring of medicinal plants in many Congolese tribes will help us to select most important ones and their phytochemistry, pharmacology and processing at the end of the research could help to use them as important food drug to contribute in solving health problems in Congo DR.

Conclusion

Results from this study have shown that herbal remedies used against parasitic diseases in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo are widely administered as aqueous decoctions. Phytochemical and pharmacological investigations of these preparations are in progress and might lead to interesting anti-tropical diseases remedies. According to published data, Rubiaceae species exhibited various interesting pharmacological values. Therefore, the new challenge is to promote the ex-situ conservation of some of these medicinal plants endemic to DR Congo through in vitro cell culture.

Author’s Contribution and Competing Interests

K.N., N.K, E., O.N., B.Z. and C.L. carried out ethno-botanical survey and floristic analysis K.N., P.T., V. and D.S.T carried out interpretation and discussion of results related to their part of the work. K.N., B.Z., P.T. and D.S.T. designed and planned the study; drafting and revision of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

The authors declare they have no competing interest.
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